Tungsten filaments have several disadvantages that affect their performance and longevity.
4 Key Challenges of Tungsten Filament
1. Brittleness and Instability
Tungsten filaments are prone to brittleness and instability.
This is due to a weakening of the wire's crystalline structure.
Brittleness can cause the wire’s grain boundary to offset or slide.
This makes the filament unstable and can lead to failure.
Recrystallization temperatures play a crucial role in the stability and longevity of the filament.
2. Deformation Under High Temperatures
Tungsten filaments still face issues with deformation despite improvements like coiling.
Coiling increases the diameter and slows evaporation.
Under high temperatures and gravity, coiled filaments tend to lose their shape, sag, arc, and fail.
This deformation is a significant drawback, especially in applications where filament integrity is crucial.
3. Evaporation of Tungsten
The life of a light bulb with a tungsten filament is significantly affected by the evaporation of tungsten.
This evaporation leads to blackening of the bulb.
It also reduces the bulb's efficiency and lifespan.
Filling the bulb with inert gas helps slow this evaporation but is not a complete solution.
It adds complexity and cost to the manufacturing process.
4. Ongoing Development
Despite these challenges, tungsten filaments have a high melting point and heat resistance.
Ongoing development, such as creating non-sag tungsten wire filaments through doping methods, aims to address these issues.
This development aims to improve the reliability and efficiency of tungsten filaments in various applications.
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