Dental ceramics are primarily composed of inorganic, non-metallic materials, often of a silicate nature, which are heated at high temperatures to form various dental restorations. Key materials used in dental ceramics include:
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Resin Composites: These materials are used for repairing and rebuilding teeth. They consist of a resin binder, typically an aromatic dimethacrylate monomer, and a ceramic filler. The filler is usually pulverized quartz, colloidal silica, or silicate glasses containing strontium or barium to enhance X-ray opacity. Despite their aesthetic appeal, resin composites may lack the longevity of dental amalgams and can degrade over time due to breakdown of the bond between filler particles and the matrix.
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Dental Porcelain: A crucial material in dental ceramics, dental porcelain is composed of about 60% pure kaolin (a type of clay) and about 40% other additives such as feldspar for color, quartz for hardness, and various oxides to enhance durability. Porcelain is versatile and can be shaped and fired at high temperatures to create various dental restorations like crowns, bridges, inlays, and onlays.
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Metal Ceramic Systems: These systems combine the aesthetic properties of ceramics with the mechanical strength of metals. They are essential for creating durable and visually appealing dental prostheses.
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Technical Ceramics: Used in advanced applications, these ceramics are processed under precise conditions in dental furnaces. Modern dental furnaces are microprocessor-controlled, allowing for precise temperature regulation and programmability, which is crucial for the uniform heating and sintering of ceramic materials.
These materials are processed using dental furnaces, which heat and harden the ceramics to withstand the functional forces in the oral cavity. The furnaces operate at high temperatures and pressures, and their precise control ensures that the dental ceramics do not shrink or distort during the firing process. This precision is vital for maintaining the integrity and fit of the dental restorations.
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