The device used to test real diamonds is an Electrical Conductivity Diamond Tester. This tester utilizes the superior thermal conductivity of diamonds to differentiate them from imitations. When the probe of the tester touches a real diamond, it conducts thermal energy rapidly, causing a measurable temperature drop, which is indicated by a glow. If the stone does not exhibit this characteristic, it is likely a fake.
Electrical Conductivity Diamond Tester works based on the principle that real diamonds have excellent electrical conductivity. The tester has a small probe connected to a small electrode. When this probe touches a real diamond, the diamond glows, indicating its authenticity. This method is effective because diamonds, unlike most other gemstones, are excellent conductors of heat and electricity.
This tester is specifically designed to test diamonds and, in some cases, moissanite. It is not suitable for testing other gemstones like rubies. The tester can quickly screen multiple diamonds, providing assurance of their authenticity. It can distinguish between earth-mined diamonds and man-made synthetic diamonds, and can also detect if diamonds have been treated. Some advanced models use ultraviolet short waves instead of heat and electrical conductivity, which helps in identifying synthetic diamonds that might fool normal diamond testers.
In addition to the Electrical Conductivity Diamond Tester, laboratories use sophisticated techniques such as spectroscopy, microscopy, and luminescence under shortwave ultraviolet light to determine a diamond's origin. Instruments like the DiamondSure and the DiamondView, produced by the DTC and marketed by the GIA, are also used for this purpose.
Identification methods for diamonds have evolved from destructive scratch tests to non-destructive electronic thermal probes. These probes use a pair of battery-powered thermistors to measure thermal conductivity, a property that is unique to diamonds. This test is quick, taking only two to three seconds, and is widely used in gemological centers.
Magnification is another important feature in diamond testers. It allows for a more detailed inspection of the diamond, revealing blemishes, inclusions, and other anomalies that might indicate a fake. This feature is crucial for ensuring the authenticity of the diamond.
Electrical Conductivity in diamond testers is particularly useful for differentiating diamonds from moissanite, which can sometimes be mistaken for diamonds by heat-based testers. Testers that utilize electrical conductivity provide a more accurate measurement of the diamond's properties, helping to distinguish genuine diamonds from simulants.
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