The equipment needed for pyrolysis primarily includes a pyrolytic reactor, which is the core component where the pyrolysis process occurs. Additional equipment such as a feeding system, discharging system, syngas recycling system, and de-dusting system are also essential. Optional components like cold traps, condensers, gas emission ignition devices, and syngas monitoring functions can enhance the process and safety.
Pyrolytic Reactor: The reactor is where the pyrolysis reactions occur under high temperatures in an oxygen-free atmosphere. The temperature range typically falls between 475 and 550°C for flash pyrolysis. Various types of reactors are available, including fluidized bed (bubbling and circulating), fixed bed, jet bed, rotary cylinder, cyclonic reactor, and rotary cone. These reactors can operate in either batch or continuous systems, depending on the flow of biomass and product collection.
Feeding System: This system is responsible for delivering raw materials to the reactor in a fully sealed and automated manner. It ensures that the biomass is fed into the reactor efficiently and safely.
Discharging System: After pyrolysis, the products such as carbon black need to be transported out of the reactor. The discharging system, equipped with a water-cooling pipe, helps in safely moving these materials into storage tanks.
Syngas Recycling System: This system recycles the syngas produced during pyrolysis back into the process. This not only improves efficiency but also helps in managing the energy balance within the reactor.
De-dusting System: Pyrolysis can generate particulate matter and other emissions. A de-dusting system, along with other emission control measures like scrubbers and filters, is crucial for preventing the release of pollutants into the atmosphere.
Optional Equipment: Cold traps and condensers are used to control and collect the target liquids produced during pyrolysis. Gas emission ignition devices help in burning harmful gases before they are released into the air. Syngas online detecting and monitoring functions are useful for tracking various gases like CO, CO2, CH4, H2, N2, C2H6, and C3H8, ensuring the process remains within safe and efficient parameters.
Safety measures such as fire suppression systems, explosion-proof equipment, and adherence to safety guidelines are also critical to mitigate risks associated with high-temperature processes like pyrolysis.
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