Lab diamonds are grown using two primary methods: High Pressure High Temperature (HPHT) and Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD). Each method utilizes specific equipment to replicate the natural conditions under which diamonds form.
High Pressure High Temperature (HPHT) Method: This method involves the use of a large machine that can generate extreme pressure and temperature. The machine is equipped with components that can handle pressures exceeding 870,000 lbs. per square inch and temperatures ranging from 1300 to 1600 degrees Celsius. Two specific types of presses are commonly used in this method:
- Cubic Press: This press uses pistons located throughout the machine to create high temperature and pressure from different directions.
- Belt Press: This press generates high pressure using two strong pistons that apply equal pressure in opposite directions. The process begins with a small diamond seed and highly refined graphite. When the machine is switched on, the catalyst mixture, which contains metals and powders, turns into a molten form due to high pressure and temperature. This molten mixture dissolves the refined graphite, which then forms layers over the diamond seed. After cooling, an HPHT synthetic diamond is formed.
Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Method: In the CVD method, a small chamber is used to grow diamonds. The chamber contains a "seed crystal" and is filled with gases, typically carbon-rich gases. The gases are heated to around 800 degrees Celsius. Under these conditions, the gases begin to deposit carbon atoms onto the seed crystal, layer by layer, causing the diamond to grow in a square-shaped crystal form.
Both methods require precise control over pressure, temperature, and the chemical environment to successfully grow diamonds in a laboratory setting. The equipment used in each method is specifically designed to mimic the natural processes that occur deep within the Earth, where diamonds naturally form.
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