Pyrolysis produces a variety of gases, primarily methane (CH4), hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2). These gases are formed as a result of the thermal decomposition of biomass in the absence of oxygen.
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Methane (CH4): This gas is a significant product of pyrolysis, particularly at higher temperatures. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas and a valuable fuel source. It is formed through the breakdown of organic compounds present in the biomass.
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Hydrogen (H2): Hydrogen is another gas produced during pyrolysis, especially at higher temperatures. It is a clean fuel and is increasingly being considered for use in various energy applications due to its high energy content and zero emissions when combusted.
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Carbon Monoxide (CO): Carbon monoxide is produced during the pyrolysis process, particularly at moderate to high temperatures. It is a toxic gas but also a fuel and a reactant in many chemical processes, including the production of various chemicals and fuels.
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Carbon Dioxide (CO2): Carbon dioxide is a common byproduct of pyrolysis, resulting from the oxidation of carbon compounds. It is a greenhouse gas and its emission is a significant environmental concern.
These gases are part of the non-condensable gas fraction produced during pyrolysis, which also includes other hydrocarbons (CnHm). The composition and yields of these gases depend on the temperature, pressure, and heating rate of the pyrolysis process. At lower temperatures, the process tends to yield more biochar, while at higher temperatures, the production of gases increases. The gases produced during pyrolysis can be utilized directly as fuel or further processed for various industrial applications.
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