Hydraulic forging presses use hydraulic pressure to apply gradual, controlled force to a workpiece, shaping it through uniform plastic deformation. This process is characterized by its slow operation and long contact time with the workpiece, which is beneficial for isothermal forging and maintaining superior workpiece quality.
Mechanism of Hydraulic Forging Presses: Hydraulic forging presses operate based on Pascal's Law, where a small force applied to a fluid results in a larger force being exerted on the workpiece. This is achieved through a system that moves a large amount of fluid to drive the ram, which shapes the workpiece. The slow speed of these presses allows for a longer contact time with the workpiece, which is particularly advantageous in isothermal forging where slow squeezing speeds are essential.
Types of Dies Used: Open dies are commonly used in hydraulic forging, and these presses are capable of exerting forces up to 50,000 tons. The dies are large, measuring up to 12 feet by 32 feet, and are designed to withstand the prolonged contact with the workpiece, although this can lead to reduced die life due to the increased wear and tear.
Process and Applications: Before the actual forging, pre-forms are often created on hydraulic presses to ensure appropriate mass distribution for the die, which helps in reducing material usage and forming forces. After forging, hydraulic presses are also used for trimming flash, piercing, and coining. These presses are versatile and can handle a wide range of applications, including hot forging, piercing, and partial forging of fittings and thick-walled pipes, with press forces reaching up to 300,000 kN and working travel distances of 4 meters.
Advantages of Hydraulic Forging Presses:
- Unlimited work energy: Allows maximum press force over the entire stroke.
- Infinite adjustment of the working stroke: Enables optimal adaptation of the press cycle to the forming process.
- Large slide stroke: Suitable for long components, expanding the range of possible products.
- No overloading: The press design prevents overloading.
- Adaptable forming speed: Contributes to superior workpiece quality and longer die service life.
In summary, hydraulic forging presses are essential in metalworking for their ability to exert high forces gradually and over extended periods, facilitating precise and controlled deformation of workpieces. This makes them ideal for a variety of applications requiring high precision and strength in the final product.
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