Forging in hydraulic presses involves using hydraulic pressure to gradually and controllably shape a workpiece through uniform plastic deformation.
This process is known for its slow operation and long contact time with the workpiece.
This is particularly beneficial for isothermal forging and maintaining superior workpiece quality.
1. Mechanism of Hydraulic Forging Presses
Hydraulic forging presses operate based on Pascal's Law.
Pascal's Law states that a small force applied to a fluid results in a larger force being exerted on the workpiece.
This is achieved through a system that moves a large amount of fluid to drive the ram, which shapes the workpiece.
The slow speed of these presses allows for a longer contact time with the workpiece.
This is particularly advantageous in isothermal forging where slow squeezing speeds are essential.
2. Types of Dies Used
Open dies are commonly used in hydraulic forging.
These presses are capable of exerting forces up to 50,000 tons.
The dies are large, measuring up to 12 feet by 32 feet.
They are designed to withstand the prolonged contact with the workpiece.
However, this can lead to reduced die life due to the increased wear and tear.
3. Process and Applications
Before the actual forging, pre-forms are often created on hydraulic presses to ensure appropriate mass distribution for the die.
This helps in reducing material usage and forming forces.
After forging, hydraulic presses are also used for trimming flash, piercing, and coining.
These presses are versatile and can handle a wide range of applications.
These include hot forging, piercing, and partial forging of fittings and thick-walled pipes.
Press forces can reach up to 300,000 kN and working travel distances of 4 meters.
4. Advantages of Hydraulic Forging Presses
Unlimited work energy: Allows maximum press force over the entire stroke.
Infinite adjustment of the working stroke: Enables optimal adaptation of the press cycle to the forming process.
Large slide stroke: Suitable for long components, expanding the range of possible products.
No overloading: The press design prevents overloading.
Adaptable forming speed: Contributes to superior workpiece quality and longer die service life.
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