The amount of sample required when making a KBr pellet typically ranges from 0.2 to 1 percent of the total mixture by weight. This low concentration is necessary because the pellet is thicker than a liquid film, and higher concentrations can lead to absorption or scattering of the IR beam, resulting in noisy spectra. For a standard ½ inch (12.7 mm) diameter pellet, about 200 - 250 mg of KBr is sufficient, with the sample amount adjusted according to the desired concentration within the range of 0.2 to 1 percent. For example, if using 200 mg of KBr, the sample would be 0.4 to 2 mg. The amount of KBr and sample should be scaled based on the area of the disk (proportional to the square of the radius/diameter) if a different size pellet is required. Proper mixing of the sample with KBr is crucial, and can be achieved using a mortar and pestle or a grinding mill, ensuring minimal moisture absorption during the process.
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