The composition of sintered iron primarily involves iron-containing raw materials, a fluxing agent, and fuel. These components undergo a series of physical and chemical changes during the sintering process to form a solid mass.
Iron-containing Raw Materials: These include high iron content materials such as ore powders, iron concentrate, blast furnace dust, rolled steel, and steel residue. The particle size of these materials is typically less than 5mm. The quality of these raw materials is crucial as they directly affect the iron content and purity of the final sintered product.
Fluxing Agent: The fluxing agent, often containing high levels of valid CaO, helps in the sintering process by facilitating the removal of impurities and improving the quality of the sintering ore. An example of a fluxing agent used is white limestone, which introduces MgO into the sintering ore, enhancing the sintering process and the quality of the final product. The fluxing agent should have stable ingredients and a particle size of less than 3mm.
Fuel: The primary fuels used in sintering are coke powder and anthracite. These fuels are chosen for their high fixed carbon content, low ash and volatile content, and low sulfur content. The stability of the fuel's composition and a particle size of less than 3mm are essential for consistent sintering.
During the sintering process, these materials are mixed with water and undergo physical and chemical transformations. The process includes transient and permanent liquid phase sintering, where the materials fuse together, filling any open pores or cracks with liquid substances or binders, ultimately forming a solid, dense mass.
The sintering of iron ore powder aims to utilize resources comprehensively, remove harmful impurities, recycle beneficial elements, and improve the metallurgical performance of the ore to meet the quality requirements for blast furnace smelting. This process is crucial not only for the efficient production of iron but also for environmental protection and resource conservation.
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