The cost for biomass energy varies depending on the specific method of conversion and the type of biomass used. For instance, a biomass pyrolysis plant can be purchased for as low as $30,500, which includes the capability to recycle combustible gas as fuel, thereby saving on fuel costs. Additionally, the economic advantages of biomass energy are evident in the byproducts generated from the gasification process, which can be further processed into commodities with higher added value. For example, processing one ton of wood chips through pyrolysis and gasification can yield products such as gas, charcoal, thin wood vinegar, and wood tar, generating a net benefit of approximately 920 yuan ($130 USD) per ton, excluding the cost of fuel.
The use of biomass for energy is significant, accounting for about 5% of total U.S. primary energy consumption in 2021, with a total of 4,835 trillion British thermal units (TBtu) derived from various sources including biofuels, wood and wood-derived biomass, and biomass in municipal solid wastes. The economic viability of biomass energy is further enhanced by the potential for increased added value through the processing of byproducts like charcoal into activated carbon or carbon-based fertilizer, which can more than double their value.
Moreover, the abundance of biomass resources in the United States, with projections indicating up to 1 billion dry tons could be available annually for energy use, underscores the potential for biomass to become a major source of renewable energy. This availability is supported by anticipated improvements in agricultural practices and plant breeding, highlighting the ongoing efforts to optimize biomass utilization for energy production.
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