The hardest metal to melt is typically considered to be tungsten, which has a very high melting temperature of 3410 °C. This is significantly higher than the melting points of most other metals, making it a prime example of a refractory metal. Refractory metals are defined by their high melting temperatures, excellent corrosion resistance, abrasion resistance, and their superior thermal and mechanical strength.
Tungsten is not only hard to melt due to its high melting point but also because it requires specific conditions to prevent oxidation and other forms of contamination. This is why vacuum welding is often used when dealing with tungsten and other refractory metals. Vacuum welding ensures that the metal is not exposed to oxygen or other reactive gases that could alter its properties or cause defects in the weld.
Other refractory metals include molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, and rhenium. These metals are also challenging to melt and require similar precautions and specialized equipment. Molybdenum, for instance, is commonly used in vacuum furnaces due to its relatively lower cost compared to tungsten, but it still requires careful handling and precise temperature control due to its high melting point and the significant increase in resistivity when heated.
In summary, tungsten stands out as the hardest metal to melt primarily due to its extremely high melting point and the need for controlled environments to prevent oxidation and maintain its integrity. The use of vacuum welding and specialized furnaces is crucial for working with tungsten and other refractory metals, ensuring that their unique properties are preserved during the melting process.
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