The laboratory equipment that can be used to crush or grind a substance includes:
1. Laboratory mortar and pestle: These are a pair of tools used to grind substances into a powder or paste. A porcelain mortar and pestle set is commonly used in laboratories as it is hard enough to crush most materials and resistant to high temperatures.
2. Grinding machines: There are two common types of grinding equipment used in laboratories - vibratory mills and planetary mills. Vibratory mills can grind samples to a fine powder and are available in different sizes and capacities. Planetary mills are also used for grinding and can handle multiple samples simultaneously.
3. Grinding bowl: The choice of a suitable mortar vessel is important when crushing and grinding, especially for analyzing trace elements. Common materials used for grinding bowls include hard chromium steel, tungsten carbide, agate, zirconium oxide, and hot-pressed sintered corundum, depending on the elements being analyzed.
4. Laboratory crushers or pulverizers: These devices are designed to forcefully reduce solid samples, such as rocks, to fine dust or powder for molecular analysis. They play a crucial role in XRF sample preparation and can be used to obtain accurate data about the composition of samples.
5. Lab mills: Lab mills are essential units used for sample preparation and chemical and physical analyses. They help in reducing the particle size of materials for homogenization and consistency in testing. Popular models of lab mills include planetary mills, ball mills, jaw crushers, mortar grinders, and cryogenic units.
It is important to choose the appropriate equipment based on the nature of the substance being crushed or ground and the desired result.
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