Pyrolysis is a process where waste is treated at specific temperatures to convert it into useful products.
The temperature range for this process typically falls between 350°C and 800°C.
The exact temperature within this range depends on what product you want to produce and the type of waste you are using.
350°C to 800°C: The Magic Range for Pyrolysis
1. Temperature Range for Pyrolysis
The thermal decomposition of organic components in waste starts at 350°C.
This process can continue up to 700°C to 800°C in the absence of oxygen.
This temperature range is very important because it affects the type of products formed during pyrolysis.
2. Effect of Temperature on Product Formation
350°C to 550°C
At these temperatures, the main product is usually a liquid.
This liquid is a mixture of hydrocarbons.
The composition of this liquid depends on the original waste material.
For example, if you maintain the temperature around 450°C during the pyrolysis of waste tires, you will get a liquid product.
Above 700°C
When the temperature goes above 700°C, the main product changes to synthetic gas (syngas).
Syngas is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
This change happens because the liquids formed at lower temperatures are further broken down.
3. Influence of Feedstock and Process Conditions
The type of waste and the specific conditions of the process greatly affect the properties of the gas, liquid, and solid products.
For example, whole tires versus shredded tires will produce different proportions of products.
This is because of the presence or absence of fibers and steel.
4. Pyrolysis Reactors and Temperature Control
Pyrolysis reactors are designed to work within specific temperature ranges.
These ranges are typically classified as high, medium, and low pyrolysis.
Medium temperature pyrolysis, often used for converting waste tires and plastics into heavy oil-like materials, operates between 600°C and 700°C.
The reactor's design and operation are adjusted to maintain these temperatures for the best product yield and quality.
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