Yes, you can braze under a vacuum.
Vacuum brazing is a specialized welding process that involves heating a group of welds to a temperature above the melting point of the filler metal but below the melting point of the matrix metal, all under a vacuum condition.
This method is performed in a vacuum brazing furnace, which ensures a clean environment free of contaminants, leading to high-quality, strong, and shiny brazed joints.
Can you braze under a vacuum? 5 Key Points to Know
1. Environment and Equipment
Vacuum brazing is conducted in a vacuum brazing furnace, which is designed to create and maintain a vacuum environment.
This environment is crucial as it eliminates the presence of air and other gases that could potentially contaminate the brazing process or react with the metals being joined.
The furnace heats the materials by thermal radiation, ensuring uniform temperature distribution across the workpieces.
2. Process Details
The process involves heating the metals to a specific temperature where the filler metal melts but the base metal does not.
The filler metal, in its liquid state, wets and flows over the surface of the base metal, forming a strong bond as it cools and solidifies.
This process is fluxless, meaning it does not require a chemical flux to clean the metal surfaces, as the vacuum environment itself deoxidizes the metals and removes contaminants.
3. Advantages
Cleanliness: The vacuum environment ensures that the work surface is extremely clean, leading to superior joint integrity and high strength.
Uniformity: The controlled heating and cooling in a vacuum furnace help in achieving better temperature uniformity, reducing residual stress in the metals and enhancing their overall integrity and strength.
Brightness: The absence of contaminants results in a very good product brightness.
Efficiency: Vacuum brazing can be integrated with other processes like heat treating and age hardening in the same furnace cycle, making it efficient for high-volume production.
4. Technical Considerations
When using alloys in vacuum brazing, it is important to select those that do not contain elements that can sublimate or evaporate under the high temperatures and vacuum conditions.
This ensures that the desired joint characteristics are achieved without contaminating the furnace.
Eutectic alloys, which behave similarly to pure metals, are often preferred for their well-defined melting points.
5. Applications
Vacuum brazing is particularly suitable for complex and narrow devices due to the good wettability and fluidity of the vacuum brazing flux.
It is also used for vacuum sintering and magnetization of metal materials, expanding its applications beyond just welding.
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