Graphene, a single-atom thick film of carbon, is produced using a method called Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD).
This process involves decomposing hydrocarbon gases at high temperatures on a metal substrate.
It allows for precise control over the thickness and quality of graphene.
How is Graphene Made from CVD? (5 Key Steps Explained)
1. Preparation of the Metal Substrate
The metal substrate, often made of copper, platinum, or iridium, is placed in a high-temperature furnace.
2. Introduction of Hydrocarbon Gas
A hydrocarbon gas, such as methane or ethylene, is introduced into the reaction chamber.
It decomposes into individual carbon atoms at temperatures around 1000°C.
3. Formation of Graphene
The carbon atoms bind to the surface of the metal, nucleating and growing into a continuous film of graphene.
The metal substrate acts as a catalyst, lowering the energy barrier for the reaction and facilitating the formation of graphene.
4. Control Parameters
The thickness and quality of the graphene can be controlled by adjusting parameters such as gas flow rate, temperature, and the duration of exposure to the gas.
5. Transfer of Graphene
Once formed, the graphene can be separated from the metal substrate and transferred to other substrates for various applications.
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