The pyrolysis of plastic waste yields several products.
These include organic vapors, gases, char, wax, and HCl.
The primary product is liquid oil.
Gases, wax, char, and HCl are by-products.
The specific products depend on the quality and type of plastic waste.
It also depends on the pyrolysis technology used.
Generally, pyrolysis can produce 30-80% oil, 20-30% carbon black, and 10-20% gas.
Higher yields are possible if the waste plastic is pure, dry, and clean.
Key Products of Plastic Pyrolysis
1. Liquid Oil
Liquid oil is the primary product of plastic pyrolysis.
2. Carbon Black
Carbon black is another significant product.
3. Gases
Gases are also produced during the process.
4. Char
Char is a mixture of organic matter with high carbon content and ash.
5. Water
Water is produced as a product of pyrolysis and evaporation during the initial drying stage.
6. Bio-Oil
Bio-oil is a brown, polar liquid composed of various oxygenated compounds.
Its composition can vary depending on the feedstock and reaction conditions.
7. Gas Products
Gas products mainly consist of CO, CO2, CH4, H2, and CXHY gases.
The composition varies based on the temperature of the pyrolysis process.
8. Coke Residue or Char
Coke residue or char can also be produced.
The yield depends on the process conditions and the properties of the raw materials.
9. Pyrolysis Gas
At elevated temperatures, the main product is pyrolysis gas.
This is formed through the complete thermal decomposition of high-molecular-weight organic compounds into low-molecular-weight ones.
10. Liquid Organic Products
At high intensity and moderate temperature, the main product is liquid organic products.
Environmental Impact and Process Details
The pyrolysis of plastic waste is a method used to minimize environmental impact.
It is a chemical process that involves the thermal decomposition of organic components in an oxygen-free atmosphere.
This yields char, oil, and gas.
The process requires a supply of heat, which can come from conventional heat sources or microwaves.
Typical yields from plastic pyrolysis are approximately 50-80% pyrolysis oil, 20-35% pyrolysis gas, and 3-30% pyrolysis residue.
These yields depend on the quality and percentage of plastic present in the waste.
If there is moisture content in the plastic waste, wastewater will also be generated.
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