The products of the pyrolysis of plastic waste include organic vapors, gases, char, wax, and HCl. The primary product is liquid oil, while gases, wax, char, and HCl are by-products. The specific products obtained from the pyrolysis process depend on factors such as the quality and type of plastic waste, as well as the pyrolysis technology used. Generally, the pyrolysis of waste plastics can produce 30-80% oil, 20-30% carbon black, and 10-20% gas. The yield of these products can be higher if the waste plastic is pure, dry, and clean.
The solid char is a mixture of organic matter with high carbon content and ash. Water is produced as a product of pyrolysis and evaporation during the initial drying stage. The bio-oil component is a brown, polar liquid composed of various oxygenated compounds, which can vary depending on the feedstock and reaction conditions. The gas products mainly consist of CO, CO2, CH4, H2, and CXHY gases, with the composition varying based on the temperature of the pyrolysis process.
In addition to the products mentioned above, the pyrolysis of plastic waste can also result in coke residue or char and gas. The yield of these products depends on the process conditions and the properties of the raw materials. At elevated temperatures, the main product is pyrolysis gas, which is formed through the complete thermal decomposition of high-molecular-weight organic compounds into low-molecular-weight ones. At low intensity and increased pressure, the prevailing product is coke residue or char, which is formed through secondary and tertiary processes, such as synthesis and condensation from intermediate products. At high intensity and moderate temperature, the main product is liquid organic products.
The pyrolysis of plastic waste is a method used to minimize the environmental impact. It is a chemical process that involves the thermal decomposition of organic components in an oxygen-free atmosphere to yield char, oil, and gas. The process requires a supply of heat, which can come from conventional heat sources or microwaves. The typical yields from plastic pyrolysis are approximately 50-80% pyrolysis oil, 20-35% pyrolysis gas, and 3-30% pyrolysis residue, depending on the quality and percentage of plastic present in the waste. If there is moisture content in the plastic waste, wastewater will also be generated.
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