Tube furnaces are usually made with work tubes that are made from different materials depending on the desired application. The most common materials used for work tubes are ceramic materials such as mullite or recrystallized alumina (RCA), quartz glass, or metals such as stainless steel or Inconel. The choice of work tube material is important because it needs to be able to withstand the maximum operating temperature and have appropriate chemical resistance to prevent unwanted reactions with the sample materials.
In addition to the work tube, the tube furnace itself consists of a heating chamber. The heating chamber is usually made of high-temperature ceramics and has a circular wall, either a complete cylindrical element or two semi-cylindrical elements brought together to form a cavity. Refractory heating coils or bands are embedded in the ceramic and surround a central chamber equipped with evenly distributed heaters. This construction ensures the highest thermal uniformity when processing inorganic and organic compounds.
There are different types of tube furnaces available, and the type of tube limits the maximum temperature the furnace can reach. Common materials used for tubes include quartz, alumina, graphite, magnesia, zirconia, as well as refractory alloys and metals such as Kanthal, nickel alloys, and tantalum. The choice of tube material depends on factors such as the desired temperature range and the compatibility with the sample materials.
In summary, tube furnaces are made with work tubes that can be made from ceramic materials, such as mullite or recrystallized alumina, quartz glass, or metals like stainless steel or Inconel. The choice of work tube material is important for withstanding the operating temperature and preventing unwanted reactions. The tube furnace itself consists of a heating chamber made of high-temperature ceramics, with embedded heating coils or bands, and evenly distributed heaters for thermal uniformity. The type of tube used in the furnace depends on factors such as the desired temperature range and compatibility with the sample materials.
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