During pyrolysis, the feedstock undergoes several transformations. First, the feedstock is dried to remove any moisture present in the material. This is necessary to ensure efficient pyrolysis and prevent unwanted reactions.
After drying, the feedstock is subjected to high temperatures ranging from 400 to 800 degrees Celsius (752 to 1472 degrees Fahrenheit) in the absence of oxygen. This process is known as pyrolysis. During pyrolysis, the organic material in the feedstock undergoes thermal decomposition and breaks down into three phases: solid biochar, liquid bio-oil, and syngas.
The solid biochar is a fine-grained residue with a high carbon content. It is formed by the thermal decomposition of biomass in the absence of oxygen. Biochar can be used as a soil amendment or for other purposes.
The liquid bio-oil is produced through the condensation of volatile gases generated during pyrolysis. This liquid can be further refined for various applications.
Syngas, which is a mixture of combustible gases, is also produced during pyrolysis. This gas mixture can be used as a source of energy.
The pyrolysis process involves the use of a reactor where the dry feedstock is thermally cracked at high temperatures without the presence of oxygen. This exclusion of air prevents combustion and leads to the breakdown of large organic molecules into smaller ones. The resulting vapor-gas mixture and fine coke are then separated from the charring dust through a cooling process. The condensation of the mixture allows for the separation of the liquid pyrolysis products (bio-oil) from the flammable gases.
In summary, during pyrolysis, the feedstock is dried, subjected to high temperatures in the absence of oxygen, and undergoes thermal decomposition to produce solid biochar, liquid bio-oil, and syngas.
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