The process of making biomass pellets involves several key steps, primarily utilizing a flat die pellet mill. Here's a detailed breakdown of the process:
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Feedstock Preparation: The raw biomass material, which can include plant and animal waste, is first crushed and dried to an optimal moisture content. This ensures that the material can be efficiently compressed and formed into pellets. The moisture content is typically adjusted to be between 7-10% on a wet basis to meet standard requirements for wood pellets.
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Pellet Formation: The prepared feedstock is then fed into the pellet mill. Inside the mill, the material is compressed and pressed through a die, which has small holes. As the material is forced through these holes under high pressure, it forms long cylinders of compressed material. These cylinders are then cut into pellets by blades as they exit the die. The process of compression generates heat, typically reaching temperatures of 90–105°C, which helps to further dry the pellets and bind them together.
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Cooling and Hardening: After being extruded, the pellets are very hot and plastic. They gain their final hardness and mechanical resistance only after cooling. This cooling process is crucial for ensuring the durability and integrity of the pellets.
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Quality Control: The final step involves ensuring that the pellets meet specific quality standards, particularly in terms of their moisture content and density. This is important for their efficiency as a fuel source and for preventing degradation during storage.
This process not only transforms waste materials into a valuable resource but also provides a cleaner alternative to traditional fossil fuels, contributing to a reduction in environmental pollution. The use of biomass pellets as a biofuel is a sustainable practice that supports the transition towards more eco-friendly energy sources.
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