Infrared spectroscopy is a powerful tool for analyzing the chemical composition of various materials.
Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a specific type of infrared spectroscopy that uses a Fourier transform to obtain the spectral components of the material.
Potassium bromide (KBr) plays a crucial role in this process.
5 Key Points Explained
1. Facilitating Sample Preparation
The primary purpose of using potassium bromide (KBr) in FTIR measurements is to facilitate the preparation of samples in a form that is suitable for infrared spectroscopy.
2. Transparency to Infrared Light
KBr is used because it is transparent to infrared light.
This allows for the effective transmission of infrared radiation through the sample, enabling accurate and reliable spectral analysis.
3. Formation of Pellets
In FTIR spectroscopy, the sample must be prepared in a way that allows infrared light to pass through it without significant obstruction.
KBr is used to create pellets that contain the sample material.
Typically, the sample is mixed with KBr in a ratio of about 1:100, meaning only about 1% of the pellet is the actual sample, while the rest is KBr.
This dilution ensures that the sample does not block the infrared light path, which could otherwise lead to unreliable measurements.
4. Compression Process
The KBr and sample mixture is compressed using a hydraulic press to form a solid pellet.
This process exploits the property of alkali halides like KBr to become plastic under pressure, forming a transparent sheet.
The resulting pellet is primarily composed of KBr but contains a sufficiently dilute amount of the sample to be within the detection range of the FTIR instrument.
5. Hygroscopic Considerations
It is important to note that KBr is hygroscopic, meaning it absorbs moisture from the air.
This can affect the FTIR measurements if the KBr absorbs too much water.
Therefore, it is recommended to prepare the KBr pellets in a controlled environment, such as a glovebox, to minimize moisture absorption.
Additionally, using a vacuum die during the pressing process can further reduce the risk of moisture contamination.
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