The range of XRF analysis spans from a minimum detection thickness of approximately 1 nm to a maximum of about 50 µm. Below 1 nm, the characteristic X-rays are obscured by noise, and above 50 µm, the thickness saturates, preventing additional X-rays from reaching the detector.
Detailed Explanation:
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Minimum Detection Thickness (1 nm): At thicknesses below 1 nm, the characteristic X-rays emitted by the material under analysis are not detectable because they are submerged in the noise signal. This limitation is due to the fundamental sensitivity of the XRF technology and the background noise inherent in the detection process.
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Maximum Detection Thickness (50 µm): When the thickness of the material exceeds 50 µm, the X-rays emitted by the inner layers of the material cannot penetrate the outer layers to reach the detector. This results in a saturation effect where increasing the thickness beyond this point does not yield additional detectable X-rays. This is because the X-rays are absorbed or scattered by the overlying material, preventing them from reaching the detector and thus no further changes in thickness can be measured.
These limits define the practical range of XRF analysis in terms of material thickness, ensuring that the technology is effective within these boundaries for accurate and reliable measurements.
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