The thickness of CVD graphene is typically a single atomic layer, approximately 0.34 nm. This is because CVD graphene is produced as a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice structure. The process of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) allows for the growth of this material on various substrates, with copper being particularly effective for producing large-area, uniform single-layer graphene films.
The single-layer nature of CVD graphene is crucial for its unique properties, such as high electrical and thermal conductivity, flexibility, and optical transparency. The CVD process involves the deposition of carbon atoms from a gas phase onto a substrate, where they form a continuous film. The uniformity and thickness of the graphene layer are critical for its performance in various applications, including electronics and transparent conductive films.
In some cases, CVD graphene may not be perfectly uniform, resulting in a mixture of monolayer and few-layer regions (polygraphene). However, advancements in CVD techniques, such as the use of copper substrates and precise control of the cooling rate, have improved the production of uniform single-layer graphene. For instance, a study reported in 2009 demonstrated the preparation of large-area graphene films on copper foils that were mostly single-layer, with less than 5% double or triple layers.
The thickness of CVD graphene is also important for its electrical properties. For example, the sheet resistance of undoped graphene is approximately 6 kΩ with 98% transparency for a single layer. When synthesized by CVD on copper, the sheet resistance can be as low as 350 Ω/sq with 90% transparency, indicating the potential of CVD graphene for use in transparent conductive films. The thickness of the graphene film directly affects its sheet resistance, with each additional layer reducing the resistance.
In summary, CVD graphene is typically a single atomic layer thick, about 0.34 nm, and its production involves careful control of the CVD process to ensure uniformity and quality. The thickness of CVD graphene is fundamental to its properties and performance in various applications, and advancements in CVD techniques continue to improve the consistency and quality of the material.
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