The use of a porcelain furnace in dentistry is to process raw dental porcelains to optimal levels of maturity while maintaining important features of the restoration, such as surface texture, translucency, value, hue, and chroma. These furnaces are sophisticated, electronically-controlled devices with programmable cycles for firing dental porcelains, including metal-ceramics and all-ceramics like zirconia or lithium disilicate.
The porcelain furnace operates by using a refractory firing chamber where the porcelain is built up and placed onto various supports for firing. A key feature of these furnaces is the built-in powerful vacuum pump, which is essential for evacuating the firing chamber during firing to prevent undesirable opacity in the porcelain.
There are different types of dental ceramic furnaces, including firing furnaces, pressing furnaces, sintering furnaces, and glazing furnaces, each serving specific functions in the processing of ceramic materials. Firing furnaces vitrify porcelain and require accurate temperature and heat rate control, often operating under vacuum. Pressing furnaces, in addition to similar control requirements, include pressing hardware and controls for pressing materials like pressable porcelains and ceramics. Sintering furnaces operate at higher temperatures and are used for the actual sintering process, such as for zirconia, requiring special ceramic heating elements and power control electronics. Glazing furnaces are used to glaze the surface of dental prostheses, setting stains and glazes to add final shade details to a restoration.
The advantages of dental porcelain furnaces include excellent insulation, precise color representation, unique tempering cooling function, multiple drying programs, and convenience in operation. Despite these advantages, improper operation of the porcelain furnace can lead to problems with porcelain products, highlighting the importance of proper furnace calibration and operation by skilled ceramists.
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