Tube annealing refers to the heat treatment process of tubes in order to improve their mechanical properties and reduce internal stresses. The temperature for tube annealing can vary depending on the material and the desired outcome.
For low-carbon steel tubes, the temperature range for process annealing is typically between 260 °C (500 °F) and 760 °C (1400 °F). This temperature range is just below the lower critical temperature of steel and helps to soften the material and relieve internal stresses.
For stainless steel tubes, the temperature for bright annealing is recommended to reach 1050 degrees Celsius. Bright annealing involves creating an atmosphere with low oxygen content and maintaining the temperature for a short interval to prevent surface scaling and control grain growth. Vacuum furnaces are often used for bright annealing to achieve the best atmospheric quality.
For steels, different types of annealing can be performed depending on the desired outcome. Subcritical annealing takes place at temperatures between 538°C – 649°C (1000°F – 1200°F) and does not result in a change in crystal structure. Intermediate annealing occurs at temperatures between 649°C – 760°C (1200°F – 1400°F) and involves some transformation to austenite. Full annealing, on the other hand, requires completely austenitizing the work at temperatures between 816°C – 927°C (1500°F – 1700°F).
The type of atmosphere used during annealing can also vary. Parts can be annealed in a vacuum or reducing atmosphere when a bright surface finish is desired. Annealing in air can be employed when surface finish is not a critical factor, and an endothermic/neutral atmosphere can be used to control decarburization.
Different types of tube furnaces are available for annealing processes. These include high temperature tube furnaces (up to 1600 ℃), medium temperature tube furnaces (up to 1300 ℃), low temperature tube furnaces (up to 1100 ℃), vacuum tube furnaces, and controlled atmosphere tube furnaces. The choice of furnace depends on the specific requirements of the annealing process.
In summary, the temperature for tube annealing depends on factors such as the material being annealed and the desired outcome. The temperature range can vary from 260 °C to 760 °C for low-carbon steel tubes, and 1050 degrees Celsius for stainless steel tubes in bright annealing. Different types of annealing and atmospheres can also be employed based on the material and desired surface finish.
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