The main disadvantage of the brazing process is the reduced strength and heat resistance of the brazed joint. This is because, unlike welding, the filler metal and the parent metal do not melt and mix together during the brazing process. Instead, the filler metal is heated to a temperature above its melting point but below the melting point of the base metals, and then it flows into the joint by capillary action. This results in a joint that is not as strong or heat resistant as a weld.
Another disadvantage of brazing is that close fits are necessary to facilitate the capillary action, which can be difficult to achieve in some cases. Additionally, component parts may be annealed during the process, which can reduce their strength. Furthermore, provision for location of the brazing material has to be allowed for in the design, which can add complexity to the design process.
In comparison to soldering, brazing is a high-temperature process, which can be a disadvantage if the base materials being joined together have a melting point below 1000°F. In such cases, soldering may be a better option as it would not melt the base materials and cause damage or miscalculation in how well they fit together.
Overall, while brazing has its advantages such as reduced cracking risk and metallurgical changes in the HAZ, and the ability to join dissimilar metals, it also has its limitations such as reduced strength and heat resistance of the brazed joint, and the need for close fits and provision for location of the brazing material in the design.
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