When casting metal, the pouring temperature is usually higher than the melting temperature. This ensures that the metal stays in a liquid state during the pouring process. It helps the metal flow better and fill the mold completely. This is important for making a casting that is uniform and free of defects.
Why is the Pouring Temperature of Molten Metal Higher Than Its Melting Temperature? 5 Key Reasons
1. Ensuring Liquidity During Pouring
The main reason for a higher temperature is to keep the metal liquid during pouring. If the metal is only at its melting temperature, it might start to solidify before filling the mold. This can lead to incomplete or flawed castings.
2. Improving Flow and Mold Filling
A higher temperature makes the molten metal flow more easily. It helps fill intricate details in the mold. This increased fluidity results in a smoother and more precise casting. It reduces the chances of defects like porosity or misruns.
3. Preventing Early Solidification
Pouring metal at its melting temperature can cause it to solidify too soon. The heat loss to the mold and surroundings can make the metal solidify before it fills the mold. By maintaining a higher temperature, the metal can stay liquid long enough to fill the mold properly.
4. Facilitating Gas Escape
At higher temperatures, gases dissolved in the molten metal are more likely to escape. This reduces the risk of gas porosity in the final product. This is especially important in metals like steel, where dissolved gases can harm the quality and strength of the cast.
5. Controlling Solidification Rate
Starting with a higher temperature allows foundry workers to control how fast the metal solidifies. This influences the microstructure and mechanical properties of the final product. Controlled solidification helps minimize segregation and improves the overall quality of the casting.
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