Graphite is a material that shows several important properties when exposed to high temperatures.
5 Key Insights into Graphite's Properties at High Temperatures
1. Oxidation Sensitivity
Graphite is sensitive to oxygen and should not be exposed to air at high temperatures.
Oxidation starts around 500°C (932°F) and can quickly lead to significant mass loss and structural failure.
This sensitivity requires careful handling and controlled environments when using graphite at high temperatures.
2. High Temperature Resistance
Under vacuum or inert gas conditions, graphite can withstand extremely high temperatures.
At pressures down to 10-2 torr, graphite can be used up to 2450°C (4442°F).
At 10-4 torr, it can be operated up to 2150°C (3902°F).
This makes graphite a suitable material for high-temperature applications where oxidation is prevented.
3. Enhanced Properties Through Heat Treatment
Heating graphite up to 3000°C enhances its properties.
The graphitization process rearranges carbon atoms into a more ordered structure.
This improves the material's mechanical strength, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity.
Thermal conductivity of graphite is higher than many common metals and increases with temperature.
Electrical conductivity is significantly higher than that of stainless steel and carbon steel.
4. Mechanical Stability and Thermal Shock Resistance
Graphite heating elements are designed to be thicker for mechanical stability.
They must be operated at reduced voltage and higher current due to high electrical resistance.
Graphite exhibits strong thermal shock resistance, contributing to long service life.
5. Versatility in High-Temperature Applications
Graphite's properties make it valuable for numerous high-temperature applications.
These include heating elements and composite materials.
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