The two methods of preparation of IR samples are the KBr Pellet method and the Mull technique.
1. KBr Pellet method:
- The KBr Pellet method is used for solid samples.
- The sample and KBr are ground to reduce the particle size to less than 5 mm in diameter.
- A 100:1 KBr to sample ratio is used (by weight).
- The mixture is pressed into a disc using a pellet die of 13 mm diameter and a pressing load of 10 tons.
- For FTIR applications, a 7 mm pellet can be used with a pressing load as little as 2 tons.
2. Mull technique:
- The Mull technique is also used for solid samples.
- The finely crushed sample is mixed with a mulling agent, such as Nujol, in a marble or agate mortar.
- The mixture is ground with a pestle to make a thick paste.
- A thin film of the paste is applied onto salt plates.
- The salt plates with the sample film are then mounted in the path of the IR beam, and the spectrum is recorded.
Both methods aim to make the sample transparent to IR radiation so that it allows the radiation to pass through and obtain an accurate IR spectrum with sharp peaks, good intensity, and high resolution. The KBr Pellet method involves pressing the sample into a disc, while the Mull technique involves applying a thin film of the sample paste onto salt plates.
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