Tube furnace tubes are typically made from a variety of materials including quartz, alumina, graphite, magnesia, zirconia, refractory alloys, and metals such as Kanthal, nickel alloys, and tantalum. The choice of material depends on the specific requirements of the application, such as the maximum operating temperature and chemical resistance needed.
Quartz is commonly used due to its high purity and transparency, which allows for visual monitoring of the process. It is also resistant to thermal shock and can withstand temperatures up to 1100°C.
Alumina (Aluminum Oxide) is another popular choice, especially in recrystallized form, as it can handle very high temperatures (up to 1800°C) and is chemically inert to most substances. It is also mechanically strong and resistant to wear.
Graphite tubes are used in applications requiring extremely high temperatures (up to 3000°C) and where resistance to thermal shock is critical. However, graphite is reactive with many substances and must be used with care.
Magnesia (Magnesium Oxide) and Zirconia (Zirconium Oxide) are used in specific applications where their unique properties are beneficial. Magnesia offers good thermal conductivity and resistance to high temperatures, while zirconia is known for its toughness and resistance to wear.
Refractory alloys and metals such as Kanthal, nickel alloys, and tantalum are used in tube furnaces where metallic properties are required, such as better thermal conductivity or specific chemical resistance. These materials can withstand high temperatures and are often used in more industrial or specialized applications.
The selection of the tube material is crucial as it directly affects the performance and safety of the furnace operation. Each material has its own advantages and limitations, and the choice should be made based on the specific process requirements and the environment in which the furnace will operate.
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