Pyrolysis is a process where biomass is thermally decomposed in the absence of oxygen.
This process is a precursor to combustion and gasification.
The products of biomass pyrolysis include biochar, bio-oil, and various gases.
These gases include methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide.
What Gas Emissions Come from Pyrolysis? 5 Key Gases You Should Know
1. Main Gases Emitted During Pyrolysis
The main gases emitted during pyrolysis are a mixture of H2, hydrocarbon gases (C1-C4), CO2, CO, and H2S.
These gases can be classified into three categories: incombustible gases (H2O and CO2), combustible gases (CO and CH4), and N-containing gases (NH3 and HCN).
The yield of gases is influenced by the pyrolysis temperature.
Lower temperatures result in lower gas yields.
Higher temperatures lead to further secondary reactions and increased gas production.
Using a zeolite catalyst during pyrolysis can also increase the yield of pyrolytic gases.
2. Formation of CO2
The formation of CO2 mainly originates from the decomposition reactions of carbonyl and carboxyl groups in biomass pyrolysis.
This process is crucial for understanding the carbon cycle in pyrolysis.
3. Formation of CO
The formation of CO mainly results from breaking of C-O-C and C=O bonds.
This is a key reaction in the pyrolysis process.
4. Production of H2
H2 is mainly produced from breaking of C-H groups and aromatics.
This hydrogen production is significant for various industrial applications.
5. Temperature Effects on Gas Production
At low temperatures, CO and CO2 are the dominant gaseous products.
CH4 becomes dominant at high temperatures due to lignin depolarization reactions.
This highlights the importance of temperature control in pyrolysis.
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