When hydraulic oil is subjected to high temperatures, several changes occur:
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Viscosity Changes: Heat causes the oil to thin, reducing its viscosity. This can affect the oil's ability to lubricate and maintain pressure within the hydraulic system. Lower viscosity can lead to increased internal leakage and reduced system efficiency.
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Chemical Stability: High temperatures can accelerate the degradation of hydraulic oil, leading to the formation of sludge and varnish. This degradation can clog filters and narrow passages in the hydraulic system, impairing its operation.
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Moisture and Compressibility: Elevated temperatures can increase the absorption of moisture into the oil, which increases its compressibility. This can lead to a loss of system responsiveness and accuracy, as well as increase the risk of corrosion within the system.
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Vaporization and Boiling: As the oil heats, it can reach its boiling point, especially under reduced pressure conditions. This vaporization can enhance cooling efficiency but also lead to issues like the "sheath phenomenon" and potential deformation due to the massive generation of steam.
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Thermal and Chemical Stability: The oil used in hydraulic systems is designed to maintain stability under high temperatures, minimizing sludge formation and ensuring system reliability. However, prolonged exposure to high temperatures can still degrade these properties over time.
In summary, when hydraulic oil is heated, its physical and chemical properties change, which can impact the performance and longevity of the hydraulic system. Regular maintenance, including oil changes and monitoring of oil temperature, is crucial to prevent these issues and ensure the system operates efficiently and reliably.
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