The conductivity of graphite is notably high, with electrical conductivity being approximately 4 times higher than stainless steel and 2 times higher than carbon steel. This high conductivity is a result of graphite's unique structure, where carbon atoms are arranged in layers that are weakly bonded to each other, allowing for easy movement of electrons.
Graphite's electrical conductivity is anisotropic, meaning it varies depending on the direction of the current flow relative to the graphite's structure. In the direction parallel to the layers (molding axis), the electrical conductivity is higher due to the ease of electron movement within the carbon layers. Conversely, perpendicular to the molding axis, the electrical conductivity is lower because the electrons must move between the layers, which are more tightly bound.
Isostatic graphite, a type of graphite with no preferred molding direction, exhibits uniform electrical conductivity regardless of orientation. This type of graphite is particularly valued for its high electrical conductivity, which is consistent in all directions, making it suitable for applications requiring uniform electrical properties.
The high electrical conductivity of graphite is further enhanced by heat treatment, which can be performed up to temperatures of 3000 °C. This treatment improves the graphite's properties, making it even more conductive and suitable for high-temperature applications.
In summary, graphite is an excellent conductor of electricity, with its conductivity being significantly higher than many metals. The conductivity is anisotropic, varying with the direction of electron flow relative to the graphite's structure. Isostatic graphite provides uniform conductivity in all directions, making it ideal for various industrial applications. Heat treatment can further enhance graphite's conductive properties, making it a crucial material in numerous high-temperature applications.
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