The brazing rod has a lower melting temperature than the steel being brazed.
4 Key Points
1. Melting Temperature of Brazing Rods vs. Steel
Brazing involves the use of a filler metal, commonly referred to as a brazing rod.
This brazing rod melts at a temperature lower than the melting point of the base metal, which in this case is steel.
The purpose of this is to ensure that the base metal remains solid during the brazing process.
If the base metal were to melt, it could alter the properties of the material, potentially leading to warping or changes in mechanical strength.
2. Importance of Temperature Control in Brazing
The solidus of the base metal should be at least 55ºC (100ºF) higher than the liquidus of the braze alloy.
This ensures that the base metal does not begin to melt during the brazing process.
For instance, when brazing stainless steels, which are often used in high-temperature applications, the selection of a braze alloy with a suitable melting range is critical.
This prevents the base metal from reaching its melting point.
3. Benefits of Lower Melting Temperatures in Brazing
The use of a brazing rod with a lower melting temperature than the steel being brazed offers several advantages.
It allows for the joining of complex parts, including dissimilar metals and ceramics, without the risk of melting the base materials.
This method also reduces thermal distortion and can be effectively used in high-volume mass production due to its lower heat requirements compared to welding.
4. Specific Examples
For example, when brazing cast iron, the filler metal (brazing rod) melts above 840 °F (450 °C), but the base metal remains unaffected.
Similarly, when braze welding with materials like silicon bronze, which has a melting point of 1800 °F (980 °C), the lower melting temperature of the filler metal compared to the cast iron allows for a controlled and effective joining process without overheating the base material.
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