To transfer graphene, a common method involves using a support polymer such as Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) to facilitate the transfer from one substrate to another. The process begins by coating the graphene with PMMA, which strengthens the graphene layer and protects it during the transfer. The original substrate, often a metal like copper or nickel, is then etched away, leaving the PMMA-coated graphene intact. This coated graphene is then transferred to a new, usually non-metallic substrate without significant damage to the graphene layer.
Detailed Explanation:
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Coating with PMMA: Graphene, initially grown on a metallic substrate, is coated with a thin layer of PMMA. This polymer layer acts as a protective and supportive layer, ensuring that the delicate graphene sheet remains undamaged during subsequent steps.
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Etching the Original Substrate: The metallic substrate on which graphene was initially grown is etched away using a suitable etchant. This process dissolves the metal, leaving behind only the PMMA-coated graphene. The choice of etchant depends on the type of metal substrate used. For example, a copper etchant is used if the substrate is copper.
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Cleaning and Transfer: After the metal substrate is removed, the PMMA-coated graphene is cleaned using deionized water to remove any residues. The clean graphene/PMMA film is then carefully transferred onto the target substrate. This substrate could be glass, silicon, or a flexible polymer like polyethylene terephthalate (PET), depending on the intended application.
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Removing PMMA: Once the graphene is securely on the new substrate, the PMMA layer is removed using acetone. This step leaves behind a clean, undamaged graphene film on the target substrate.
This method of transfer is crucial for applications where the properties of graphene need to be preserved, such as in electronics, sensors, and photovoltaic devices. The use of PMMA as a support polymer ensures that the transfer process is reliable and minimizes damage to the graphene, thus maintaining its electrical and mechanical properties.
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