Brazing stainless steel is known for its high strength. This is largely due to the controlled conditions and the use of appropriate techniques. One such technique is vacuum brazing. This method ensures the removal of oxide layers and promotes good wettability of the filler metal.
4 Key Factors to Consider
1. Brazing Performance
The primary challenge in brazing stainless steel is the presence of stable oxide films on the surface. These films are primarily composed of chromium and titanium oxides (Cr2O3 and TiO2). These oxides significantly affect the wettability and spreading of the filler metal. To overcome this, stainless steel is often brazed in a vacuum. This decomposes the oxide film due to the low oxygen partial pressure, facilitating a stronger joint.
2. Cleanliness and Strength
The brazing process, especially when conducted in a vacuum, results in a very clean and strong joint. The controlled environment prevents oxidation and allows for precise temperature management. This helps in maintaining or achieving specific properties of the base metal. Additionally, parts can be heat treated during the brazing process, enhancing their suitability for critical applications in industries like automotive, aerospace, and medical.
3. Brazing Techniques
Strict cleaning is essential before brazing to remove any grease or oil film. This ensures that brazing is performed immediately after cleaning. Various heating methods can be used, including flame, induction, or furnace heating. The latter requires precise temperature control (±6°C deviation) and rapid cooling capabilities. Vacuum brazing is particularly effective for stainless steel due to its ability to prevent oxidation and promote the decomposition of oxide layers, leading to stronger joints.
4. Conclusion
Brazing stainless steel, especially through vacuum brazing, results in joints that are not only aesthetically superior but also possess high strength. This method is crucial due to the inherent characteristics of stainless steel, which necessitate the removal of stable oxide layers to achieve optimal joint quality. The strength of the brazed joints is thus enhanced by the careful control of the brazing environment and the use of appropriate techniques.
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