The quality of pellets can be affected by several factors, including the properties of the feedstock and the management of the manufacturing process.
1. Raw Material Properties: The type of biomass used as the feedstock for pellets can greatly affect their quality. Different types of biomass have different characteristics, such as moisture content, particle size, and fiber size. It is important to adjust these properties to ensure suitable conditions for the pelleting process. For example, the length of the raw materials should be no more than 6mm, and if it exceeds 8mm, it should be crushed first. The moisture content should be controlled under 12% to prevent issues during the pelleting process.
2. Mixing of Raw Materials: Before the pelleting process, it is essential to mix the raw materials uniformly and completely. This promotes efficient pelleting and ensures the quality of the final pellets. Proper mixing helps to achieve high-density and uniform-shaped pellets.
3. Pelleting Process: The pelleting process itself plays a crucial role in determining the quality of the final pellets. The pellet mill used should have a reasonable and compact structure, allowing for the production of condensed particles. The die and roller of the pellet mill are particularly important components, as they affect the operating room and anti-pressure capacity. The size of the flat die can be adjusted, while the ring die pellet mill has a fixed mold size. The operating room may become smaller if the raw materials are larger, but replacing the die with a larger one can promote better performance and prevent oil leakage.
4. Sieving of Pellets: After the pelleting process, it is necessary to screen the particles to remove fines and other unqualified products. This step ensures the quality and purity of the final pellets.
5. Cooling of Pellets: The pellets obtained from the pelleting process have a high temperature and need to be cooled before storage. Cooling helps to dry any remaining steam in the particles, making them more suitable for long-term storage and transportation. Properly dried pellets have better quality with reasonable moisture content, hardness, and low ash content.
6. Packaging of Pellets: The final pellets should be packaged to maintain their high quality during storage and transportation.
Other factors that can affect pellet quality include the selection of appropriate dies for the pellet mill, which depends on the formulation and characteristics of the sample. The degree of countersink or choke in the pellet mill die is also important, as it determines the force applied to the feed material during compression. Additionally, the particle size distribution and bulk density of the material can influence the sizing of kiln components and the air velocity used in processing.
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