Induction furnaces are electrical furnaces where heat is applied by induction heating of metal. They are efficient, clean, and well-controlled, making them ideal for melting and alloying a wide variety of metals with minimal melt losses. There are two main types of induction furnaces: coreless and channel.
Coreless Induction Furnace: The coreless induction furnace has a simple construction, consisting of a refractory vessel and a surrounding coil supported by a steel frame. When an alternating current (AC) flows through the coil, it creates an electromagnetic field that induces eddy currents in the charged material. These eddy currents heat the material according to Joule's law, causing the material to melt. The main components of a coreless induction furnace include a crucible, a power supply unit with a transformer, inverter, and capacitor bank, a charging arrangement, a cooling system for the power supply and furnace coil, a process control system, and fume extraction equipment.
Channel Induction Furnace: The channel induction furnace operates on the principle of a transformer, with electric energy transferred from one alternating circuit to another. It consists of a refractory-lined steel shell containing the molten metal, with an induction unit attached to the shell. The induction unit includes an iron core in the form of a ring around which a primary induction coil is wound. This assembly forms a simple transformer, with the molten metal loops acting as the secondary component. The heat generated within the loop causes the metal to circulate into the main well of the furnace, creating a stirring action in the melt. Channel induction furnaces are typically used for melting low melting point alloys or as holding and superheating units for higher melting point alloys such as cast iron.
Both types of induction furnaces are used in various applications, including steel manufacturing and investment casting, due to their ability to melt metals efficiently and with minimal losses. The choice between coreless and channel induction furnaces depends on the specific requirements of the melting process and the type of metal being melted.
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