The disadvantages of furnace brazing include the necessity for close fits to facilitate capillary action, the potential for component parts to be annealed during the process, and the need for design considerations to accommodate the location of brazing material. Additionally, brazed joints require a high degree of base-metal cleanliness, and the process can generate hazardous fumes.
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Necessity for Close Fits: Furnace brazing relies on capillary action to draw the filler metal into the joint. This requires very close fits between the components being joined. If the fit is not precise, the capillary action may be insufficient, leading to poor joint quality. This precision in fit can increase the complexity and cost of component manufacturing.
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Annealing of Component Parts: During the furnace brazing process, the heat can cause the component parts to anneal, which softens the metal. This can alter the mechanical properties of the parts, potentially reducing their strength or hardness, which might not be acceptable in applications requiring high strength or specific hardness levels.
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Design Considerations for Brazing Material: The design of components to be furnace brazed must allow for the placement and flow of the brazing material. This might involve additional design steps or modifications to ensure that the brazing material is correctly positioned and can flow into all necessary areas of the joint. Such design considerations can complicate the design process and potentially limit design flexibility.
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High Degree of Base-Metal Cleanliness: Brazed joints require a high level of cleanliness of the base metals to ensure proper bonding. Any contamination, such as oils, oxides, or other surface contaminants, can interfere with the brazing process, leading to weak joints or joint failure. This necessitates thorough cleaning processes prior to brazing, which can add to the overall process time and cost.
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Hazardous Fumes: The furnace brazing process can generate fumes, particularly from the flux used to clean the metal surfaces and protect them from oxidation during heating. These fumes can be hazardous if inhaled and require proper ventilation or fume extraction systems to protect workers and the environment.
These disadvantages highlight the specific challenges and additional considerations that must be addressed when using furnace brazing, particularly in terms of design, material properties, and environmental safety.
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