The three types of tempering are:
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Quench & Temper: This process is specifically used for hardening medium carbon alloy steel. It involves heating the steel parts above their transformation range and then rapidly cooling them, typically using an oil quench. After quenching, the parts are reheated to a lower temperature to temper them to the desired final hardness range. This process increases both the strength and hardness of the steel.
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Hardening & Tempering: This is a through-hardening process that hardens the metal part from surface to core without altering the surface carbon content. The metal is heated above its austenitizing temperature in an enclosed furnace, then quenched. After quenching, the metal is tempered by reheating to a lower temperature, which improves its toughness and ductility while maintaining hardness.
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Selective Heat Treating (including Case Hardening, Induction Hardening, and Flame Hardening): These are methods of selectively hardening specific areas of a metal part. They involve localized heating and quenching processes. Case hardening adds carbon to the surface layer before quenching and tempering, while induction and flame hardening use rapid heating and quenching in specific areas to harden them. These methods allow for targeted improvements in hardness and wear resistance in specific areas of the metal part.
Each of these tempering processes is designed to enhance specific properties of metals, such as hardness, toughness, and ductility, by carefully controlling the heating and cooling processes.
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