The two main types of autoclaves used in laboratories are the Gravity Displacement Autoclave and the Pressure Cooker Type Autoclave (Class N).
Gravity Displacement Autoclave: This is the most common type of autoclave used in research laboratories. It operates on the principle of gravity to displace air within the chamber. Steam enters the chamber and, due to its lower density, rises above the air, forcing the air out through a drain port. This type of autoclave is suitable for most laboratory equipment and supplies, especially non-porous items like glassware and metal instruments. Its simplicity and lack of dependency on additional mechanisms make it cost-effective and reliable for routine sterilization tasks.
Pressure Cooker Type Autoclave (Class N): This type is more basic and resembles a domestic pressure cooker. It is equipped with an air and steam release valve, safety valve, pressure gauge, and an electric immersion heater. Unlike the gravity displacement type, it does not use a vacuum for air release but relies on thermodynamic air displacement. This type is ideal for tissue culture enthusiasts or hobbyists and is less suitable for complex sterilization needs due to its limited functionality compared to other types.
Both types serve essential roles in maintaining the sterility of laboratory equipment, ensuring that experiments and procedures are conducted in a contamination-free environment. The choice between them depends on the specific needs of the laboratory and the nature of the materials to be sterilized.
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