High-temperature sintering is a method used to densify powder materials through atomic diffusion at elevated temperatures.
It is typically employed for materials with high melting points such as refractory metals like tungsten and molybdenum.
In the sintering process, the powdered material is held in a mold or compressed under high pressure with a temporary binder.
It is then heated to a temperature below the melting point of the material.
During high-temperature sintering, atomic diffusion occurs between the particles of the powder material.
The atoms diffuse across the boundaries of the particles, fusing them together and creating a solid piece.
This process helps eliminate lubricants in the compacted powder, reduce oxygen on the powder's surface, and develop sintered necks between the particles.
It reduces pores and increases strength.
It can also partially or fully diffuse other elements in the mix, such as nickel, copper, and graphite, which can improve the properties of the final product.
For sintering to be considered high-temperature, it occurs at around 100-250 °F hotter than the standard sintering temperature for a particular metal.
The typical temperature for iron-heavy metals is 2050 °F.
High-temperature sintering is more expensive than conventional sintering because it requires additional "oomph" from the manufacturer's equipment.
Solid-state sintering, also known as diffusion bonding, is a widely used method within high-temperature sintering.
In this process, powdered materials are subjected to elevated temperatures below their melting points.
As the temperature increases, atomic diffusion occurs between adjacent particles, facilitating the formation of necks and bonding.
This leads to densification and the formation of a solid mass.
Solid-state sintering is commonly employed in the production of ceramics and metal powders, especially when preserving the chemical composition and purity of the material is crucial.
Another method within high-temperature sintering is hot pressing sintering.
This process uses both heat energy and mechanical energy to densify the products.
It allows for a lower sintering temperature compared to normal pressure sintering, resulting in faster densification and the production of fully dense and fine-grained products.
Vacuum hot pressing sintering further improves the process by maintaining a high vacuum degree, effectively reducing the sintering temperature and removing gas from micro-pores, promoting the densification process.
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