Pyrolysis is the process of thermal decomposition of biomass in the absence of oxygen.
It involves heating biomass feedstock materials at temperatures between 400-650°C.
This process produces three main products: bio-oil, char, and gaseous products.
5 Key Points to Know About Pyrolysis and Gasification of Biomass
1. Bio-oil Production
Bio-oil, also known as pyrolysis oil or bio-crude, is a liquid product that can be used as a transportation fuel or as a feedstock for the production of chemicals.
It is obtained by condensing the vaporized organic compounds released during pyrolysis.
Bio-oil has a high energy density and can be further processed to remove impurities and improve its quality.
2. Char Production
Char is a carbon-rich residue that remains after the pyrolysis process.
It has a high carbon content and can be used as a solid fuel or as a soil amendment.
Charcoal, a type of bio-char, is commonly used as a cooking fuel and for other heating applications.
3. Gaseous Products
Gaseous products, such as methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide, are also produced during biomass pyrolysis.
These gases, known as syngas or synthesis gas, can be used as a fuel for electricity generation or as a feedstock for the production of chemicals and fuels.
4. Difference Between Gasification and Pyrolysis
The major difference between gasification and pyrolysis of biomass lies in the presence of oxygen.
Pyrolysis occurs in the absence of oxygen, while gasification takes place in the presence of limited oxygen.
Gasification is considered to be more efficient in terms of energy output and is suitable for the production of electricity and heat.
5. Applications and Choice of Process
Pyrolysis produces bio-oil and bio-char, which have different applications such as transportation fuel and soil amendment, respectively.
The choice of process depends on the specific application and desired end products.
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