The density of synthetic graphite typically ranges from 1.78 g/cm³ to higher values, depending on the manufacturing process and the specific type of graphite. For instance, isostatic graphite, a type of synthetic graphite, can achieve high densities due to its production method, which involves Cold Isostatic Pressing (CIP).
Explanation of Synthetic Graphite Density:
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Manufacturing Process: Synthetic graphite is produced through a process similar to that used in the ceramic industry. Raw materials like coke and graphite are milled and mixed with binder pitch to form a homogeneous mass. This mixture is then shaped and carbonized in an oxygen-free environment at about 1000°C. The final graphitization step occurs at roughly 3000°C, transforming the amorphous carbon into ordered graphite. The density achieved can be influenced by the uniformity of the pressing and the temperature during the graphitization process.
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Types of Synthetic Graphite: Different types of synthetic graphite, such as isostatic graphite, are known for their high density. Isostatic graphite is produced using a multi-stage process that includes Cold Isostatic Pressing, which allows for a very fine grain structure and high densities. This type of graphite is characterized by its high strength, excellent resistance to thermal shock, and low electrical resistance, among other properties.
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Anisotropy: The properties of synthetic graphite, including its density, can be anisotropic or isotropic depending on the manufacturing process. Anisotropic graphite, which is formed with a preferred molding direction, may have varying densities depending on the orientation of the graphite. In contrast, isotropic graphite, such as isostatic graphite, has uniform properties regardless of orientation, leading to consistent and high densities.
Conclusion: Synthetic graphite, particularly types like isostatic graphite, can achieve densities of at least 1.78 g/cm³ and potentially higher, depending on the manufacturing process and the specific requirements of the application. The process of Cold Isostatic Pressing and the subsequent graphitization at high temperatures are key to achieving these high densities.
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