The temperature of the annealing process varies depending on the type of annealing and the material being treated.
For steels, the temperatures range from subcritical to full annealing.
What is the temperature of the annealing process? (5 Key Temperatures Explained)
1. Subcritical Annealing
This process occurs at temperatures between 538°C – 649°C (1000°F – 1200°F).
At these temperatures, there is no significant change in the crystal structure of the steel.
2. Intermediate Annealing
This is carried out at temperatures between 649°C – 760°C (1200°F – 1400°F).
During this process, some transformation to austenite occurs, which is a phase of iron that can absorb carbon.
3. Full Annealing
This involves heating the steel to a temperature between 816°C – 927°C (1500°F – 1700°F).
This is sufficient to completely austenitize the steel. Austenitizing is the process of transforming the steel into austenite, a high-temperature phase.
4. Diffusion Annealing
This process is used to eliminate inhomogeneities in the material.
It is performed at very high temperatures, typically between 1050°C and 1250°C.
This high-temperature treatment is necessary to enhance diffusion processes, which are critical for homogenizing the material's composition.
5. Solution Annealing
Primarily used for austenitic stainless steel, this process involves heating to a temperature between 900°C and 1100°C.
The purpose is to dissolve precipitation phases such as carbides and to prevent their re-precipitation through rapid cooling.
Each type of annealing serves a specific purpose and is chosen based on the desired outcome for the material, such as improving ductility, reducing hardness, or homogenizing the composition.
The temperatures and atmospheres used in these processes are critical to achieving the desired material properties.
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