The temperature range for the brazing process typically falls between 500°C and 1200°C. This range is chosen to ensure that the filler metal melts and flows properly to create a strong joint without causing excessive thermal stress or damage to the base metals.
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Lower Temperature Limit (500°C): This is the minimum temperature required to melt the filler metal and allow it to flow and wet the base metals effectively. Lower temperatures might result in insufficient flow of the filler metal, leading to weak joints.
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Upper Temperature Limit (1200°C): This upper limit is set to prevent the base metals from experiencing excessive thermal stress or potential damage such as melting or structural changes. The choice of this upper limit also depends on the melting points of the base metals and the filler metal. It is crucial that the brazing temperature does not exceed the melting point of the base metal.
During the brazing process, the furnace temperature is gradually increased to the brazing temperature to ensure proper heat distribution and minimize thermal stresses. After reaching the brazing temperature, it is maintained for a specified time to allow the filler metal to melt, flow, and wet the base metals, creating a strong joint. Post-brazing, the furnace is slowly cooled to room temperature to further minimize thermal stress and distortion.
The selection of the exact brazing temperature within this range depends on several factors including the melting points of the base metal and the braze alloy, the joint design, and the desired properties of the final product. It is important to ensure that the melting range of the braze alloy does not overlap with that of the base metal, and the solidus of the base metal should be at least 55ºC (100ºF) higher than the liquidus of the braze alloy. This ensures that the base metal remains solid while the filler metal is molten, facilitating a controlled and effective brazing process.
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