Materials used in press forming include a variety of metals and alloys, each selected for specific properties such as strength, corrosion resistance, and ease of shaping. Here are the key materials:
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Aluminum: Known for its lightweight, corrosion resistance, and durability, aluminum is ideal for forging. It offers high thermal conductivity, design flexibility, and fracture toughness. Aluminum can be forged using open or closed dies without requiring preheating, making it suitable for applications requiring performance and endurance to stress.
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Titanium: This metal has excellent weight-to-strength and strength-to-density ratios, along with high corrosion resistance. Before press forging, titanium is heat-treated to enhance its natural toughness and strength. It is particularly useful in applications where weight and strength are critical, such as aerospace components.
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Stainless Steel: Corrosion-resistant and strong, stainless steel can be forged into various shapes. Grades 304(L) and 316(L) are commonly used for press forging. Due to its strength, stainless steel requires greater pressure and is forged at high temperatures ranging from 1706° F to 2300° F (930° C to 1260° C).
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Brass: Heated to 1500 ° F (815° C), brass is forged using either closed or open dies. It can be shaped into a wide range of forms, from small items to large structures weighing several tons. Forged brass is noted for its increased strength and durability.
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Steel: Steel must be heated to 2200° F (1200° C) for press forging, which makes it more ductile and malleable. This heating allows steel to be permanently formed without cracking due to its plasticity. Steel is versatile and widely used in various industrial applications.
These materials are chosen based on their specific mechanical properties and the requirements of the final product. Each material undergoes different pre-processing and forging conditions to optimize its properties for the intended application. The process of press forming involves precise control of temperature, pressure, and die design to ensure the desired shape and quality of the forged parts.
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