Plastic pyrolysis is a process that converts plastic waste into useful products.
The end products of plastic pyrolysis include pyrolysis oil, pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis residue, and sometimes wastewater.
These products vary in yield depending on the type and quality of the plastic waste used.
1. Pyrolysis Oil
Pyrolysis oil is the primary product of the process.
It typically yields between 50 to 80% of the processed plastic.
The oil is a valuable resource that can be used as a fuel in various industries.
It can serve as a substitute for diesel in vehicles or as a heating fuel.
The exact composition and quality of the pyrolysis oil depend on the type of plastic and its purity.
2. Pyrolysis Gas
Pyrolysis gas is produced in the range of 20 to 35% of the processed plastic.
It is a byproduct of the pyrolysis process.
The gas can be used as a fuel source to power the pyrolysis reactor itself or other processes.
It can also be refined further for use in gas engines or boilers.
3. Pyrolysis Residue
Pyrolysis residue is produced in quantities ranging from 3% to 30%.
It primarily consists of carbon black and ash.
The residue can be used as a solid fuel or as a filler material in construction.
The amount of residue depends significantly on the ash and soil content in the original plastic waste.
4. Wastewater
If the plastic waste contains moisture, wastewater will be generated during the pyrolysis process.
This water needs to be treated before disposal to prevent environmental contamination.
5. The Pyrolysis Process
The process of plastic pyrolysis involves heating plastic waste in the absence of oxygen.
This breaks down the larger plastic molecules into smaller, more manageable molecules.
This process is also known as thermal cracking or depolymerisation.
The suitability of different types of plastic for pyrolysis varies.
Commonly used plastics include post-consumer plastics, municipal solid waste segregated plastics, and reject of mechanical recycling.
The pyrolysis process includes several steps: shredding, drying, preprocessing to separate non-plastics, actual pyrolysis, distillation and purification of the pyrolysis oil, and finally storage and dispatch of the products.
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