The end products of plastic pyrolysis are pyrolysis oil, pyrolysis gas, and pyrolysis residue. The yields of these products vary depending on the quality and type of plastic waste, as well as the pyrolysis technology used.
Pyrolysis Oil: This is the primary product of plastic pyrolysis, typically accounting for 50 to 80% of the output. The exact percentage depends on the type and quality of the plastic waste. For instance, if the waste plastic is pure, dry, and clean, the yield of pyrolysis oil is higher. Pyrolysis oil is a valuable resource that can be used as fuel oil, providing an alternative energy source.
Pyrolysis Gas: This product constitutes 20 to 35% of the output from plastic pyrolysis. Like pyrolysis oil, the yield of gas varies with the type and quality of the plastic waste. Pyrolysis gas, also known as syngas, is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which can be used as a fuel or further processed into chemicals and synthetic fuels.
Pyrolysis Residue: This includes carbon black and other solid residues, making up 3% to 30% of the output. The variability in yield is largely due to the ash content and soil content in the plastic waste. Carbon black can be used as a filler in rubber and plastic products, enhancing their strength and durability.
Wastewater: If the plastic waste contains moisture, wastewater will be generated during the pyrolysis process. This wastewater must be treated before disposal to prevent environmental pollution.
The process of plastic pyrolysis involves heating plastic waste in the absence of oxygen, which breaks down the larger plastic molecules into smaller molecules of oil, gas, and carbon. This process is also known as thermal cracking, cracking, thermolysis, depolymerisation, and catalytic pyrolysis when a catalyst is used. The suitability of plastic waste for pyrolysis depends on its type and quality, with post-consumer plastics, municipal solid waste segregated plastics, reject of mechanical recycling, multi-layer packaging, and mixed PET/PVC contaminated plastics being commonly used.
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