Electric arc furnaces are essential tools in various industrial processes.
They are primarily classified into two main types: Direct Arc Furnace and Indirect Arc Furnace.
Additionally, there are specialized versions like the Arc Melting Furnace and the Vacuum Arc Furnace.
Let's explore each type in detail.
What are the types of arc furnaces? (4 Key Types Explained)
1. Direct Arc Furnace
In a direct electric arc furnace, the electric arc is formed between the electrode and the charge to be heated.
This setup ensures that the arc current flows directly through the charge.
This direct contact between the arc and the charge leads to a faster heating process and high heating efficiency.
The passage of electric current through the charge also generates some additional heat.
2. Indirect Arc Furnace
The indirect arc furnace operates differently.
Here, the electric arc is not directly in contact with the charge.
Instead, the arc is struck between two electrodes, and the heat generated from the arc is used to heat the charge indirectly.
This type of furnace is less common in industrial applications compared to the direct arc furnace due to its lower efficiency and slower heating rates.
3. Arc Melting Furnace
A specific application of the direct arc furnace is the arc melting furnace.
These furnaces can reach extremely high temperatures, up to 3000°C.
They are equipped with a large transformer that converts standard voltage into low voltage but high current, necessary for triggering and maintaining the arc.
The arc in these furnaces is a self-sustaining discharge phenomenon that requires only a low voltage to maintain stable combustion.
4. Vacuum Arc Furnace
Another specialized type is the vacuum arc furnace.
This furnace operates under reduced pressure.
It is designed to melt refractory metals and produce special corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant alloys.
The vacuum environment and the constant current ensure the stability of the electric arc, with temperatures reaching up to 3700°C.
In this setup, the electrode functions as the cathode, and the charge acts as the anode.
Each type of electric arc furnace is designed to meet specific industrial needs.
The choice of furnace type depends on the materials being processed and the desired outcomes in terms of temperature and efficiency.
Continue exploring, consult our experts
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