The compressive strength of fused quartz is better than 1.1 x 10^9 Pa (160,000 psi). This means that fused quartz is extremely strong when subjected to compression forces. The material can withstand high pressures without breaking or deforming.
The process of cold isostatic pressing can be used to produce parts made of fused quartz. This process involves compacting a powder in an elastomeric container submerged in a fluid at pressures ranging from 5,000 psi to over 100,000 psi. Cold isostatic pressing is suitable for producing large or complex compacts when the cost of pressing dies is not justified or when pressing dies cannot accommodate the desired shape. It is a commercial-scale process used for various materials, including metals, ceramics, plastics, and composites.
On the other hand, vacuum hot pressing is another method that can be used to produce fused quartz parts. However, this process is limited to simple shapes such as plates, blocks, and cylinders. It can also be applied to more complex shapes with the use of sophisticated pressing dies. Vacuum hot pressing is suitable for materials that do not sinter to high densities due to low diffusion coefficients or when a pore-free state is required for optimal mechanical, thermal, or optical properties.
In terms of ceramic applications, hot pressing technology can be used for various purposes. This includes the production of MMC and CMC materials, composite materials, silicon nitride, mixed ceramics of Al2O3, TiC/TiN, and sialon for cutting tools, components of heavy-duty valves, bearings, wear parts for process technology, boron carbide (B4C) for extremely wear-resistant parts and armors, PLZT (lead-lanthan-zircon-titanate), and other high-developed functional ceramics. Sputter targets and SiC whisker reinforced Al2O3 for cutting tools are also examples of applications for hot pressing.
Isostatic pressing, specifically cold isostatic pressing, is another method that can be used to compact powdered materials, including hard metals. This process involves compacting the powder in an elastomeric container submerged in a fluid at pressures ranging from 20 to 400 MPa. Cold isostatic pressing allows the production of simple-shaped small or large powder compacts with a uniform green density, even for parts with a large height to diameter ratio. However, it sacrifices pressing speed and dimensional control, requiring subsequent machining in the green compact.
In summary, the compressive strength of fused quartz is extremely high, with a design compressive strength better than 1.1 x 10^9 Pa (160,000 psi). It can be produced through processes such as cold isostatic pressing and vacuum hot pressing. These processes are used for various materials, including ceramics, and can produce parts with different shapes and sizes. Cold isostatic pressing is suitable for powders that are difficult to press, while vacuum hot pressing is limited to simpler shapes.
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